{"id":23932,"date":"2019-07-10T23:24:10","date_gmt":"2019-07-10T21:24:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dchiroinositolo.com\/en\/?page_id=23932"},"modified":"2022-09-28T11:04:48","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T09:04:48","slug":"the-story-of-401","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.dchiroinositolo.com\/en\/the-story-of-401\/","title":{"rendered":"THE 40:1 ISSUE"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=”15″ el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Studies on D-Chiro-Inositolo<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

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The use of inositols in the treatment of diseases such as PCOS (the first cause of infertility in women), metabolic syndrome and diabetes, has always interested the scientific<\/span> community.<\/strong> Several studies have been published, in particular on the physiological relationship between Myo Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol and on the treatment of the aforementioned pathologies with the two single molecules or in combination.<\/p>\n

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2012<\/span><\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”5\/6″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Among these, in 2012<\/strong> the study “Does the Ovary need D-Chiro Inositol?”<\/em> supposed that an excessive use of DCI might be counterproductive for the ovary in women suffering from PCOS.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=”10″ el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content_no_spaces” equal_height=”yes”][vc_column width=”1\/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1562838639575{background-color: #efefef !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1562924765816{background-color: #efefef !important;}” offset=”vc_col-xs-12″ el_class=”centrabloccotestosx paddingdamobile”][vc_column_text]This study starts from the hypothesis of the D-Chiro-Inositol Paradox<\/strong>, a definition given in a study published (but not demonstrated) in 2011, according to which under conditions of hyperinsulinemia, the ovary would work differently from other organs<\/strong>, never becoming in fact insulin-resistant<\/strong>.
\nThe excess of insulin<\/strong> would lead, at an ovarian level, to an accentuated conversion of MYO-inositol into D-Chiro-Inositol due to an exaltation of the activity of the epimerase, that is the enzyme responsible for this conversion.
\nThe abundance of D-Chiro-Inositol<\/strong> at the expense of MYO would result in reduced oocyte quality.<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”0″ css=”.vc_custom_1562839151397{margin-top: -30px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″ el_class=”nomargintopdamobile”][vc_empty_space el_class=”damobile”][vc_single_image image=”24410″ img_size=”full” el_class=”centratodamobile”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1662448879466{margin-top: -35px !important;background-color: #70b7ba !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

These concepts, actually not confirmed by relevant scientific data, over the years have been cited by a series of related studies, among which the one in 2016:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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2016<\/span><\/h2>\n

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In 2016<\/strong>, “Combining treatment with myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol (40: 1) is effective in restoring ovary function and metabolic balance in PCOS patients<\/em>” was published.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content_no_spaces” equal_height=”yes”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″ el_class=”nomargintopdamobile”][vc_empty_space el_class=”damobile”][vc_single_image image=”24414″ img_size=”full” alignment=”right” el_class=”centratodamobile nomarginbottomdapc”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1568024049547{background-color: #efefef !important;}” offset=”vc_col-xs-12″ el_class=”centrabloccotestodx paddingdamobile senzamargintopdamobile”][vc_column_text]This study, based on the first, states that patients affected by PCOS, at an ovarian level, present DCI in excess so <\/strong>for this reason, a further intake of the molecule is harmful. Starting from assumptions that are not scientifically proven, it therefore comes to the conclusion<\/strong> that the perfect integration between MYO and DCI is in a 40: 1 ratio.<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”0″ css=”.vc_custom_1562839151397{margin-top: -30px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1562838639575{background-color: #efefef !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”5\/6″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

A concept proven groundless, which has been spread by a series of studies that do not take into account the existing literature on inositols, in particolar those on D-Chiro-Inositol and fundamental concepts of pharmacology<\/span><\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Read the Opinion paper of SIF” color=”pink” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sifweb.org%2Fdocumenti%2Fguideline_2017-03-01|||” el_class=”pulsanteviola nomargintop” css=”.vc_custom_1569857362683{margin-top: 0px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=”15″ el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

2018<\/span><\/h2>\n

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The groundlessness<\/strong> of the above mentioned hypothesis has been backed up by the Italian Magistracy.<\/strong> In July 2018<\/strong> indeed the Court of Catania<\/strong> ordered the publishing house of the article \u201cDoes Ovary need D-Chiro Inositol?\u201d<\/em> to issue a notice explaining the groundlessness of the hypothesis spread<\/strong>.\u00a0 At that time, the authorship of the article had already been denied by one of its authors, who supported then the validity of DCI as an aid for women with PCOS or willing to have a pregnancy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Read the “expression of concern“” color=”pink” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6260655%2F%20|||” el_class=”pulsanteviola nomargintop” css=”.vc_custom_1569857509539{margin-top: 0px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=”50″ el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

2019<\/span><\/h2>\n

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The Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) and the Italian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics<\/strong> (SIGO) have recently expressed their opinion regarding the use of supplements, in women with PCOS, containing a mixture of the two inositols, or a combination of MYO and DCI in a 40: 1 ratio. The supplements containing this combination are prescribed in case of PCOS to those women who wish to have a pregnancy, also promising an improvement in oocyte quality.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content_no_spaces” equal_height=”yes”][vc_column width=”1\/6″ css=”.vc_custom_1562838639575{background-color: #efefef !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1562924765816{background-color: #efefef !important;}” offset=”vc_col-xs-12″ el_class=”centrabloccotestosx paddingdamobile”][vc_column_text]The aforementioned scientific societies come to the conclusion that conclusive data are lacking in this sense, as there is no evidence of the actual advantage of the combination being administered compared to the single administration of either MYO or DCI.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”0″ css=”.vc_custom_1562839151397{margin-top: -30px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″ el_class=”nomargintopdamobile”][vc_single_image image=”24416″ img_size=”full” el_class=”centratodamobile”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”5\/6″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Moreover, the reasoning that led to the creation of the MYO and DCI combination in the 40: 1 ratio is not supported by a pharmacological rationale<\/strong>. In fact, if the objective is to restore the physiological levels of the two inositols, and at ovarian level there would already be an excessive concentration of DCI, then why should it be useful to administer further DCI or its precursor that would be further converted into DCI?<\/p>\n

Besides, an oral administration decreases the effectiveness of the product, which is spread throughout the body and not directly into a single organ, like the ovary.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Read the opinion paper” color=”pink” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dchiroinositolo.com%2Fen%2Fstudies-on-d-chiro-inositol%2F|title:Studi%20sul%20D-Chiro-Inositolo||” el_class=”pulsanteviola nomargintop” css=”.vc_custom_1569857602796{margin-top: 0px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1662448935751{margin-top: -35px !important;background-color: #28466d !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Why stating that there is a perfect MYO – DCI combination in a 40: 1 ratio is misleading<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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The integration of a product containing MYO and DCI in a 40: 1 ratio in patients suffering from PCOS, does not have a relevant scientific and pharmacological feedback because:<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”tabellasenzabordi”][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”5\/6″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\nThe data in literature relating to the physiological concentrations of the two inositols are discordant, and a formulation containing a mixture of active substances is unlikely to be created without appropriate scientific studies, which are still lacking today<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nThe dosages of the two individual inositols, on the other hand, have been studied and take into account the conversion rate of MYO (precursor) into DCI (active substance)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nThe therapeutic approach to PCOS must consider the organism as a whole: by restoring the correct levels of insulin, the ovarian functions are also restored.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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The correct therapy of PCOS should fight against the pathogenetic cause which, in most of the patients, is insulin-resistance. A systemic condition that therefore does not only involve the ovary.<\/p>\n

In case of insulin-resistance, a deficiency of the enzyme epimerase occurs. The enzyme is responsible for the conversion of MYO into DCI and affects all the districts of the body. This deficit leads to a poor conversion into DCI and, therefore, it would be more correct to directly administer the active molecule (DCI) and not its precursor (MYO).<\/p>\n

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INSULIN<\/span>
\nRESISTANCE<\/span><\/h4>\n

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DEFICIT OF<\/span>
\nEPIMERASE<\/span><\/h4>\n

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REDUCED MYO’S CONVERSION INTO DCI<\/span><\/h4>\n

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OVARIAN DYSFUNCTIONALITY<\/span><\/h4>\n

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INSULIN<\/span>
\nRESISTANCE<\/span><\/h5>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ css=”.vc_custom_1567165961815{margin-top: -15px !important;margin-bottom: -15px !important;}”][vc_single_image image=”24357″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

DEFICIT OF<\/span>
\nEPIMERASE<\/span><\/h5>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ css=”.vc_custom_1567165988248{margin-top: -15px !important;margin-bottom: -15px !important;}”][vc_single_image image=”24357″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

REDUCED MYO’S CONVERSION INTO DCI<\/span><\/h5>\n

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OVARIAN DYSFUNCTIONALITYE<\/span><\/h5>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1662449139450{margin-top: -35px !important;background-color: #70b7ba !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1575623414539{margin-top: -20px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The ovary <\/strong>is dysfunctional <\/strong>as a consequence <\/strong>and not as a cause<\/span><\/p>\n

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A correct therapeutic strategy should therefore be aimed at improving insulin sensitivity with consequent beneficial effects such as:<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”tabellasenzabordi”][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”5\/6″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\nreduction of hyperandrogenism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nregularization of ovarian response, with normal menstrual cycles and ovulation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space el_class=”dapc”][vc_btn title=”Go to PCOS page for a deeper insight” color=”pink” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dchiroinositolo.com%2Fen%2Fpcos-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-and-benefits-of-d-chiro-inositol%2F|title:Sindrome%20dell%E2%80%99Ovaio%20Policistico%20PCOS||” el_class=”pulsanteviola nomargintop” css=”.vc_custom_1572353529818{margin-top: 0px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=”15″ el_class=”dapc”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text] Studies on D-Chiro-Inositolo [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/12″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”5\/6″ offset=”vc_col-xs-12″][vc_column_text] The use of…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-23932","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"\nTHE 40:1 ISSUE - D-CHIRO INOSITOLO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dchiroinositolo.com\/en\/the-story-of-401\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"THE 40:1 ISSUE - 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